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Appendix I: Kwang

The Kwang Ya says: "When he has scales he is a Kiao,* when he has wings a Ying-Lung, when horns a Kiu-Lung, without horns a Chih- Lung.

The Ming Wuh Kiai of the Odes says the dragon has horns at five hundred years, at one thousand years he is a Ying-Lung. The P'i Ya Kwang Yao says: "The dragon has eighty-one scales. This is nine times nine, nine is the yang (male principle). The dragon is produced from an egg, in which he is enfolded." Again, it says that the Néi Tien says: "Dragon-fire comes in contact with moisture and there is smoke, with water and it is consumed (i.e. a man may extinguish it with water)."

The Fang Yen says: "Before the dragon has ascended to heaven he is a P'ans Lung." The Yih King says: "When his clouds move the rain falls, and the various things put forth their forms at the time he rides upon the six dragons and ascends the heavens." "The first nine: The hidden dragon is inactive. The diagram indicates that the subtile ether is below. The second nine: When the dragon is seen in the * Defined by Williams "as the dragon of morasses and thickets, which has scales and no horn, corresponding very nearly to the fossil iguanodon." Vide the description (ante) from the Pan-Tsaou-Kang-mu, &c. † Ying-correct, true. ‡ According to Williams, this is a young dragon without a horn, although others, as in the text, say with one. § P'an-to curl up, to coil. fields it is profitable to meet the great man. The diagram indicates that virtue is extended. Fifth nine: The flying dragon appears in the heavens: The diagram indicates the great man creates." Again, "The dragons contend in the wilds, their blood is azure and yellow." Again, "Thunder is a dragon."

The Yuen-Ming-Pao section of the Ch'un ts'iu says: "The dragons begin to speak, yin and yang* are commingled"; thence, it is said, the dragon ascends and clouds are multiplied. The Yih King, in all the diagrams, clearly says: "The summer winds arise and the dragon mounts the skies."